Public Information :: essays research papers

Ever wonder how a person not known obtains critical information once unavailable to the public? Nowadays, the easy access of computers makes it almost impossible for citizens to completely be out of the risk of privacy invasion. Anything we do is being monitored discreetly or publicly by others. Yet, there are different ways in which this issue can be viewed. It is harmful in the way that we do not know exactly what is being monitored by others, nor the way it is being used. Privacy intrusion helps us by monitoring those who may be harmful to others. Privacy invasion can be viewed as both harmful, and yet helpful. One type of privacy invasion is the placement of surveillance cameras. Cameras are made so small today that one would have to stand less than a foot away to actually see the placement of the camera. In the article, "Nowhere to hide: Lack of Privacy Is the Ultimate Equalizer," Charles Platt states, "Right now, I can buy a KGB-surplus night scope, a microtransmitter, or a videocamera that's half the size of a pack of cigarettes" (344). We can hardly go anywhere without the possibility of a camera watching our every move. This is a good thing in the sense that it gives more security to public places. A thief will think twice about robbing a bank if there is a camera pointed directly at him. Prison riots will become obsolete since the video will tell all who started the riot. Surveillance camera footage can be used as evidence in the court of law. Just as cameras can be useful in the work field, they can also be used to abuse invasion of privacy. In the article, "Privacy and Technology," Gary T. Marx points out, "A college student secretly video taped sexual encounters with a girlfriend. After breaking up with her, he played the tape for members of his fraternity. She learned of this and was victorious in a civil lawsuit, although no criminal statute had been violated" (325). Cameras are also good for business. There will be fewer shoplifters sneaking away items at the mall or grocery store. Another type of privacy invasion is the background check of a potential employee. Businesses only want employees who will benefit the business itself. The owners think of employees as a type of investment. So, to make a good investment, the managers are ordered to conduct a background check on prospective applicants.

Development Of Appraisal And Reward System

Reward system is an instilled component of the personality of every man; he is a tripartite being with a spirit living in a body, and a soul. He thinks, feels, decides and acts. These are the elements of human interaction either at home or in any other organization. This system has long been proven by brain biologist and psychologists to be of paramount use in the development of a responsible and effective. This is further confirmed by the nature of outputs produced by organizations that have harnessed this for industrial use [Wilson, 2003].The recognition of intuitive input to the productivity of an organization, and the subsequent reward of such has indeed advanced the course of man at all levels of human administration. Really, its importance can not be overemphasized in this age of competitive business market. There are specific and pragmatic ways of establishing this amiable system into the company’s mainstream activity; this is the main focus of this article. IMPORTANCE OF APPRAISAL AND AWARD SYSTEM This is a ‘global age’; an age where the large world is shirked into a small global village.Innovations are emerging daily. Alls spheres of human endeavor are advancing at millennial speed. In this age, there is intense search for talents and skills that can maintain such developments or excellence, and also even work on them to produce better. This has created keen competition in the labor market, and every company knows the value of its high-output workers, and would never want to loose them. It is this that has made performance and character based appraisal and reward system more important to the survival of any enterprise than ever before in the history of man.Every one wants the best. The search for the best leaves no space for inefficiency, as the best must be delivered by employees. Companies have also inculcated diversity into their mission statement to accommodate enough space for this search for the best, and retaining those who h ave also proven to be of optimum impact to the activities of the organization. The concept of diversity has thrown appraisal and reward into a bigger landscape for employees ready to give their best to their chosen area of influence at work.In this case, the impact of encouraging an effort geared in this direction is of utmost importance and can not be overlooked. Leading organization in any known industry, and even new inclusions understand the place of recognizing and awarding ingenuity by company employees targeted at improving customer patronage or better service delivery. Great managers and leaders do acknowledge that humans can deliver beyond their present status if only they are encouraged by a credible means. A child who receives encouragement at home from his parents usually performs better that one that does not enjoy such privilege.It is an inherent need of man, that his potential can be better harnessed with tangibly significant appreciation. In the presence of a credibl e and fair reward system, employees have a basic encouragement to deliver their best to the Company, in their capacity. They can afford to stretch themselves with their elastic limit to meet deadlines, increase effectiveness and productivity, deliver more efficient and customer-friendly service because there would be a reward for their labor. This leads to increased productivity for the Company.This productivity is relative to the Company product. Even religious organizations understand this as they promise more blessings for obedient servants. This system, if properly put in place, heightens sense of responsibility of the employee and creates a ‘working bond’ that may not be easy to break. With a fair plan, there is increased interest in Company acts, mission, plans and goals. This created a better working environment for them, and there is increased trust and more fruitful human relationships in the Company. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEMA system that recognizes human inpu ts and quality ideas directed at optimal productivity, improved working environment and human relations, confidence and profitability of a company, and significantly rewards such via credible and fair techniques is referred to as an appraisal and reward system; its effectiveness is enhanced as all participants, employees and managers, understand its purpose and are poised to make useful contribution towards achieving the set goals. A good plan is based on a combination of performance and character [John Bill].Its development involves steps outlined below: DEFINITION OF PURPOSE It is important to start with a well-defined purpose. Purpose of the system is clearly outlined from the outset. This is seen to be consistent with the Mission statement of the Company in writing and principle; it is communicated to employees and is also broken into smaller units called Goals. It is in bringing such purpose down into those achievable units that they show pragmatism and spur workers to work[ Ga llup]. COMPANY INTERACTIONS/COMMUNICATIONThis involves a forum through which such system is communicated to participants in clear and understandable terms. Suggestions and quality ideas are welcomed on the plan and execution of the plan. This also affords an opportunity to for skill acquisition and training geared at achieving the Purpose. Really, this is inevitable to the survival of the program Communication should not be a once-and-for-all thing; it need be continuous. In this way and at any point in the course of organization’s work, there is a location, personality or unit constantly refreshing people’s mind about the program.This keeps the spirit alive. GOALS This should be SMART: Stipulated and Stimulating, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. With effective communication, employees understand and can work toward them. With those criteria, goals are closer to the heart and easier to handle at work. It is important to combine an insightful technique in drawing such goals; this is easier when everybody- all participants are part of the decision making. IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE This is the most important of all.If purpose is then and goals are made with effective communication and there is no CREDIBLE AND FAIR structure to implement the plans, then the result can be easily guessed: there would be result at all. Therefore, it is important for the structure to be credible and fair in such a way that the criteria for adjudging performance is well-stipulated and combine quantitative and qualitative means. No element of subjectivity should be seen because this is the major worry of employees. If there is no open and transparent objectivity in the implementation, the program would fail.This structure is vital to the success of the program; it could be created as another committee entirely or a unit per session [ups] that would oversee the activities of workers at different levels. It would also be interested in accurately informing uni t members about the nature, category and content of reward. This would remove the excuse of inaccurate information and promote trust in the system. CATEGORISATION It is important for a categorization of the Purpose and goals into specific ‘committee’ or section where people of different work experience and exposure status can accurately fit in.This is to ensure that there is space for everyone, and a chance to be recognized as diligent. No one should be left out. Company products can also be categorized, with respectively competent employee. This is to ensure equal distribution of work based on talent, skills, and company’s expectation. REWARDS There should be a stated method of rewards and it should be both significant and tangible. Announcement is not enough reward. Such tools that can be employed include by compensation, awards or increase in base line salary.The latter is widely appraised, and is best effective when the incentive is about 25% of the baseline pay. Such should also be done with a short period of time. REVIEW It is important to review the activities of program, it impact on the organization and its vivid dividends at regular intervals. This would sustain and strength awareness of and confidence in the program. CONCLUSION All companies need a n appraisal and reward system, as ways of maximizing their workers input. This system affects all aspects of an organization.It is inevitable in this global and highly competitive age. Such can be established with defined purpose broken into goals, communicated to all participants under a credible and fair structure which is regularly reviewed for productivity. Gold companies retain best workers, and attract others by such means. It is no loss to any business at all. BIBILIOGRAPHY Wilson, Thomas. Innovative Reward systems for the changing workplace John, Bill: Reward and Appraisal. http://www. accaglobal. com/students/study_exams/qualifications/acca_choose/acca/fundamentals/ab/technica l_articles/2944835Performance Based Reward system Accessed from www. performance-appraisal. com/rewards. htm Performance Reward and Compensation. Accessed from http://www. gallupconsulting. com/content/? ci=58 Performance and Reward Accessed from Peter Scott www. peterscottconsult. co. uk/briefings/yourpartnerrewardsystem. doc Effective performance appraisal system. Accessed from www. allacademic. com/meta/p154789_index. html Effective Employee development Program http://www. maritz. com/employee_recognition_awards. html

SI Definition - System Internationale

SI Definition: SI is the abbreviation for System Internationale. SI is the name given to the standard metric system of units. Also Known As: System Internationale, Metric System Common Misspellings: Systeme International

Benefits and Drawbacks of a Family Owned Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2486 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Table of Content Scenario Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 2 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 5 Scenario Bà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 5 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 6 Scenario Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 6 Scenario Dà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 6 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 8 Scenario Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 8 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 10 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 10 ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 12 Scenario A Benefit of Family-Owned Business The congenital advantage of family enterprises and internal defects Family enterprises in all enterprise organization form, has its particularity. This particularity lies in the own ership of family enterprises in the hands of the blood, kinship ties to family members, but it does not follow that family business is a kind of low efficiency enterprise form. On the contrary, as an institutional arrangement, its own existence explains the rationality of its existence and the family enterprise vitality is that compared with other forms of enterprises has its good side. Of course, advantages and disadvantages and shortcomings, but also can hardly be avoided, this particularity also led to the inherent defects of family enterprise many fundamental. Here we have the congenital advantage of family enterprises and internal defects analysis: In the Chelmsford Hotel business, family ownership and control of the two rights, family members are involved in business management and participate in the distribution of the residual claim, so the Chelmsford Hotel in the members of the family power management enterprise, which faces the possibility of adverse selection and moral risk is greatly reduced. At the same time, formed a small group between family members in family enterprises, groups inside often-together communication, and the coordination cost members and between members of information asymmetry is reduced. Drawbacks of Family-Owned Business And these congenital advantages are associated with the particularity of the family business to also lead to the many internal defects. These internal defects are determined by the particularity of the family business, attached to this particularity. When the family enterprise need to further develop and expand, these defects will become the imprisoned for enterprise development, obstacles to the sustainable development of the enterprise. Below we fundamental of family enterprises of internal defects were analyzed, and the first is the talent bottleneck. Enterprise development has a process of growing up. Family business start-up stage, enterprise scale is small, its core members are mostly based o n blood, kinship ties of members of the family, parents creator as the core has a natural authority, rely on parents authority of family management can guarantee the family business running, and even can be a board meeting at the dinner table. At the same time, at the beginning of the development of family enterprises, and can provide the amount of residual claims and residual control is relatively small, is the enterprise power supply due to less. Family enterprise internal parties for this kind of situations, that is, to share the achievements of interests deserve rights conflicts will not be too sharp, emphasis on parental authority, the principle of affection of family ethics can effectively coordinate the interests of the members of the family. This stage is relatively scarce currency capital rather than the human capital; the requirement of management is not high also. And with the development of the enterprise, on the one hand, the rapid expansion of enterprise scale lead to the large increase in the quantity demand of human capital, and members of the family group supply speed under the influence of the natural population growth rate, usually much lower than the speed of the enterprise demand for human capital; On the other hand, due to the expansion of enterprise scale, management of complications, leads to increased demand for senior human capital, and for the members of the family groups, advanced elements of human capital owners should be talented person growth probability, the influence of such factors as the members of the family within this small group, this kind of talent to produce probability is extremely low, so from the qualitative point of view, the family members of the group is difficult to guarantee the supply of human capital. Can be seen from the above analysis, the process of the development of family enterprises will inevitably encounter talent bottleneck. Organization Capitalise Benefit and Minimise the Drawbacks Family enter prises want to survive in a constantly changing market environment and development, will eventually evolved into the public company, it is not determined by the entrepreneurs or its successor individual will. Will tell from the subjective intention, they are less willing to become a public company, because they dont want to lose control of the enterprise. The objective environment of family businesses survive decides this development. In the increasingly open economy and the increasingly fierce market competition environment, the inadequacy of family enterprises gradually become the fetters of enterprise expansion, restricted the enterprises survival and development. The survival of the fittest, is unwell is eliminated, must want to survival and development to change itself, becomes the only way to comply with the environment. Public company is a model of modern enterprise system, family business transition to a public company can effectively improve its governance structure, family management of career management, strengthening the system construction and to strengthen the system of the utility, effectively overcome the family business talent and cultural bottlenecks inherent defects, to adapt to the change of economic environment, to avoid being eliminated by the market and be able to continue. Scenario B Employee Behaviour Policies The construction of the Chelmsford Hotel sustainable development path is essentially to provide family enterprises with a good development environment. In addition, family enterprise internal change is also very important. Perspective of new institutional economics, the family business institutional change is a process of praetor equilibrium, not all of the members of the family in the earnings of all for positive change. In this process, Chelmsford Hotel to share and non-core people outside the family enterprises property rights and residual claims and management control, part of the low quality of core staff will be re tired from important management positions, handed power to the professional management personnel. It is painful for members of the family, a part of the family members from their own interests, to be up in arms. For entrepreneurs and the core personnel, this process was a fierce self-denial and transcends us. Especially for entrepreneurs, give enterprise management ability than the strong to hold yourself, overcome family members far more difficult than overcoming human feelings. The process is full of risks and uncertain factors, the requirement as the main change of entrepreneurs must have a strong sense of change and the business-as-usual, possess strong entrepreneurial spirit. Entrepreneurs need to speed up the update their knowledge, form suitable for the modern enterprise management concept; make the enterprise operation is suitable to the market economy rules and norms. Implemented and Communicated to Employees Chelmsford Hotel establish perfect professional manager market and credit evaluation system to introduce professional managers is an important means of enterprise talent bottleneck breakthrough family, and is the inevitable requirement of perfecting corporate governance structure. Chelmsford Hotel must establish open and transparent perfect manager market and credit evaluation system, through the market for the managers to invisible sclerosis constraint. Chelmsford Hotel establish perfect manager market and credit evaluation system can make the managers in each phase behavior information comprehensive, transparent, managers of any behavior will affect their future market transaction, which greatly increase the cost of managers behavior, make it from the perspective of protecting their own human capital effectively of self-discipline. At the same time, improve the professional manager market and credit evaluation system, Chelmsford Hotel will reduce the family business entrepreneurs and professional managers to sign the search cost and en trepreneurs to identify the cost of managers, so that the family business institutional change of transaction cost greatly reduced. Scenario C From the reality, especially in western developed market economy countries worldwide family type business development showed the following tendency: first, the separation of ownership and operators. With the expansion of the enterprise, the enterprise competition, change of family and the family concept, and the rise of the manager class family type management is difficult to adapt to the development of industrial society after the relics. Those shares a larger family can only indirectly affect the enterprise decision-making, enterprises management into the hands of management experts, enterprises of the two rights separation fundamentally shaken the foundation of family type management. West of the old family companies such as IBM and Motorola are because of the initiative to adapt to this trend to continue development. Secondly, pa ternalism management will disappear in family businesses, but businesses household color is still maintain and carry forward. Western advocates of a color family, team spirit, in the east of Japan, the feudal family of loyalty and kindness, paternalism is replaced by fate community egalitarian doing business, as employees and their managers are equal members of the enterprise in the family. Finally, family businesses through issuing stocks and bonds to the society, to internal staff, transfer of shares to the social public welfare investment, the enterprise further socialization of ownership, socialization on the management aim of enterprise is more emphasis on corporate social responsibility. Scenario D Elements include in a Performance Management Plan In the face of fierce market competition, the hotel to give an accurate positioning, target consumer groups, changing ideas and increase marketing efforts. Marketing plan according to different season, pay attention to stabi lity and old customers, develop new customers and new integrated marketing team, set up is given priority to with professional marketing personnel, to mobilize all the staff in the marketing of big marketing network, the rich are up and down, everyone is a waiter, everyone is a marketer, with services in marketing, service marketing, and set up corresponding reward mechanism, maximum limit arouse the enthusiasm of each persons work, and dig potential inside, outside customers. Hotel will continue to economic benefits as the center, strengthen management, hotel will target with each department, the benefit of the hotel and your interests closely linked together, the greater the contribution, the more benefit, on the other hand, the gap to be finished by department index according to the prescribed proportion wage garnishment, work more, distribution according to work, organize regular staff holidays. Chelmsford Hotel for outstanding performance, good staff for a great contribution to the hotel, we will be in the hotel year-end summary meeting commended, honorary certificate and bonuses. Increase the intensity of training, assessment, inspection and improve the quality of service: all departments make training plan feasibility and more efforts to learn the rules and regulations, aiming at training regularly test, Chelmsford Hotel should follow the quality inspection system, ensure high quality service, set positions pacesetter in competitions. Further on the general staff on-the-job training, at the same time, various departments to hold a post practice, and to examine the monthly, consolidate the business skills, improve the quality of service. All-round increase the intensity of management, in accordance with the standards of star hotel, we will continue to improve various rules and regulations, work process, gradually establish a system of pipe mechanism as the main content of the rewards and punishment incentive management mechanism. Scenario E How Can Problems be Resolved? The Chelmsford Hotel should pay attention to start employee performance management, but on the understanding of performance management is just at the initial stage, most of the hotel has not formed a complete performance management system, some even have no regular performance appraisal regulations, just make a simple rewards and punishment regulations, examination and rewards and punishments according to the time of he refers to employees work attitude, service skills, service quality and behavior, but also made clear the punishment level and method for disciplinary action, the citation behavior only lists the citation behavior should be, but there is no corresponding improving measures. Perfect performance management system can effectively improve the effect of incentive. Chelmsford Hotel design of employee performance management system of the hotel should be based on hotel performance management, which requires not only the high performance of old employee benefit, and to continue to introduce new talent, and through the work of staff performance management effective, accurate evaluation of the performance of individual employees as an incentive basis, increase the accuracy and efficiency of incentive the staff performance appraisal system. Chelmsford Hotel establish the hierarchical classification, the appraisal content according to different people, different evaluation methods, to understand the inherent potential employees and shortcomings, and strive to achieve the personalized evaluation of staff, to maximize the effectiveness of performance appraisal, improve employee job performance continuously, so as to achieve common development with the hotel staff. Policies and Procedures Chelmsford Hotel the new strength of new employees is the hotel business activities. Chelmsford Hotel enhances their own quality, skilled jobs skills; let them as soon as possible with the rapid development of hotel synchronous improve. Ac cording to the principle in a planned way step by step to implement progressive on-the-job training for new employees. The Chelmsford Hotel employee handbook, safety knowledge and service skills should know should be as the basic training content, after qualifying on the dress is one of the conditions. In some stores post to execute the minions of different kinds of skills training, to strengthen the personnel flow, solve the problem of emergency cases of vacancies, as well as the worker with comprehensive service skills and strive for mastering many skills while specializing in intelligent worker conditions can provide the necessary element. Chelmsford Hotel Employees will do check the leadership of the work; will not do for the leadership of the work. This is the insufficiency of a hotel; this also suggests that some employees do not take the initiative and the rules and regulations, team consciousness and low execution necessary conditions. So, the hotel should be combined wit h training and examination way of working to improve and gradually solve some problems at present. References (1) Roulac, S.R. 2011, Corporate property strategy is integral to corporate business strategy,The Journal of Real Estate Research,vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 129-152. (2) Croson, R., Anand, J. Agarwal, R. 2007, Using experiments in corporate strategy research,European Management Review,vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 173-181. (3) Mishra, S. Suar, D. 2010, Do stakeholder management strategy and salience influence corporate social responsibility in Indian companies?,Social Responsibility Journal,vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 306-327. (4) Ito, K. Souissi, M. 2012, MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING AS A TOOL FOR CORPORATE STRATEGY: SYNERGY CREATION AND ANERGY INHIBITION,Journal of International Business Research,vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 63-72. (5) Azarmi, T. 2012, Corporate put strategy,Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge,vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 215-216. (6) Furrer, O., Rajendran Pandian, J. Howard, T. 2007, Corporate strategy and shareholder value during decline and turnaround,Management Decision,vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 372. (7) Research and Markets: China Automobile Industry by 2015 In March 2012, Car Sales Climbed a Modest 4.5% from a Year Earlier 2012, , Coventry. (8) By, K.L. 2011, China Plans Consolidation Of Sprawling Car Industry Move Could Pose Problems For Foreign Car Makers Allied With Local Firms, Eastern edition edn, New York, N.Y. (9) Alva, M. 2013, Chinas Growing Car Industry Gives Marketer BitAuto A Ride BITAUTO HOLDINGS Beijing, China, Los Angeles. (10) China industry: Demand for car parts grows2013, , The Economist Intelligence Unit, New York. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Benefits and Drawbacks of a Family Owned Business" essay for you Create order

The One Who Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Literary Analysis

Many pieces of literature have comparable characteristics, including the use of literary elements to portray deeper meaning. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and The One Who Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest are great pieces of literature which keep their main focus around the use of symbolism, hidden in the plot. Whereas Mrs. Mallard, from â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, appears to be insane due to her husband, characters from The One Who Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest gains their insanity from Nurse Ratched, both authors incorporate symbolism in order to display themes and reveal character traits In the short story, by Kate Chopin, themes are expressed through symbolism. The main theme portrayed by Chopin is freedom. This concept of freedom becomes prevalent when†¦show more content†¦The way Nurse Ratched controls the inmates and punishes them using electric shock therapy symbolizes how McMurphy is trapped. 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Paul Cezanne Biography Essay Example For Students

Paul Cezanne Biography Essay Paul CÃÆ'Â ©zanne was born in Aix-en-Provence, a small town south of France. As a young boy, CÃÆ'Â ©zannes passions lay in his poetry and his friends, including Emile Zola Preble 402. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne is included in the time of the Post-Impressionists. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne wanted to make Impressionism into something solid and enduring like the art of museums Preble 401. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne did not have a typical, as I define as friendly, relationship with his father. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne had some problems with his father. CÃÆ'Â ©zannes father wanted for CÃÆ'Â ©zanne to be a lawyer. His father had sent him to a college for lawyers but CÃÆ'Â ©zanne was coaxed otherwise by his friend Zola her moved to Paris Preble 402. CÃÆ'Â ©zannes father had bought the Jas de Bouffan, which would be the place that CÃÆ'Â ©zanne did many of his works Rewald 21. The Jas de Bouffan would be their residence for over a half a century. In one of CÃÆ'Â ©zannes paintings of their residence he omits people and animals that, like in most of his paintings, would disrupt the unchanging features of the scene Murphy 150. CÃÆ'Â ©zannes father was always in a struggle with his son. His father was one that could not comprehend anyone being able to be successful in anything that did not make him or her rich. One thing that his father had to be able to recognize was that his son had determination, but his father was utterly blind in seeing his sons talent Rewald 35. When CÃÆ'Â ©zannes father died, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne spoke of him as a genius for leaving him an income of 25,000 francs Murphy 123. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne married his 12-year affair Hortense Fiquet. A few months after their marriage, CÃÆ'Â ©zannes father died. Hortense was not welcome at the Jas de Bouffan by CÃÆ'Â ©zannes mother and sister. People say that his mother and sister banned her from the house and they were in a rage of giving her too much money Murphy 117. CÃÆ'Â ©zannes sister, Marie, was the one that encouraged the marriage, even though she disliked Hortense, in hope that in would lift the spirits of her brother. Hortense and CÃÆ'Â ©zanne did not along very well Rewald 125. Even after their marriage, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne had no thought about living the Jas or his other and sister. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne thought that 16,000 francs, which were her share, was all that she needed Rewald 125. Emile Zola was Pauls best friend. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne and Zola were attracted by their shared interest in literary movements and artists. Zola and CÃÆ'Â ©zanne played an important role in each others life with Zola helping start CÃÆ'Â ©zannes art career and CÃÆ'Â ©zanne helping Zola to start thinking about pictorial art Murphy 14. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne at one point thought he could write and some of his works are found in his letters to Zola: Dark, thick unwelcome mist covers me up; The sun withdraws its last handful of diamonds Murphy 14. Zola was a very important person on telling the history of CÃÆ'Â ©zanne. However, their friendship had its rocky times and its breakup by Zola. Zola can recall the complete disorder of CÃÆ'Â ©zannes studio Rewald 62. Zola tells us how CÃÆ'Â ©zanne rarely swept the interior of his studio for fear that the dust would disrupt his works. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne based his work on the observation of nature and used separate strokes that were visible to make rich surfaces Preble 400. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne tried counting on the connection between adjacent strokes of color to show the entirety of the form and the space decreasing. In CÃÆ'Â ©zannes The Saint Victoire from Bellevue we can see how CÃÆ'Â ©zanne uses this technique to show space and depth from a flat plane. .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .postImageUrl , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:hover , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:visited , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:active { border:0!important; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:active , .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2 .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6995d8eed45f6ba3eb83e57251a01cd2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Amy Tan Biography EssayCÃÆ'Â ©zanne likes to make alterations on nature and enlarge the mountain; CÃÆ'Â ©zanne also makes spatiality more clear and distinct than the actual photographs of the motifs Loran 125. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne seemed to be obsessed by this mountain and somewhat exaggerated the size of it in every one of his paintings Murphy 154. In another view of this, entitled Mont Saint-Victoire, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne uses the tree to show height by extending it the entire length of the canvas. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne utilizes color contrasts to show depth playing with cool and warm color shifts Schapiro 66. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne painted this scene at least 60 times from every possible angle. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne had a very distinct style of painting. To move out of the style of the broken-color of the Impressionists, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne created the system of modulating the colors from a volume of cool to warm or light to dark. He made a series of steps Loran 25. As the colors begin to overlap they are creating a three-dimensional image. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne very seldom ever made a line around his paintings Loran 26. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne would make the lines virtually disappear off the edge thus creating more volume. This would make CÃÆ'Â ©zannes paintings pass to the negative or the background Loran 26. This technique can be seen in CÃÆ'Â ©zannes Still Life with Apples, a Bottle, and a Milk Pot Rewald 253. In this painting we are able to see the way CÃÆ'Â ©zanne literally escapes the use of encompassing lines. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne loses the edges in this painting producing an image of it pass into the background. Let us return to the color modulation that CÃÆ'Â ©zanne created. Color balance was one final aim for CÃÆ'Â ©zanne. CÃÆ'Â ©zannes light sources are moderately consistent and his shadows are a very important element to his color Loran 28. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne was known to work on several canvases at one time changing from one to the other depending on the time of day or the location of the sun. One of his paintings that express this color balance is Chestnut Trees and Farmhouse at the Jas de Bouffan Rewald 150. In this painting CÃÆ'Â ©zanne is also building on the volumes, which leads us to the next perspective on his work. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne used lines to create planes, but he used planes to create volume. If every artist can agree on one thing, it is that CÃÆ'Â ©zanne achieved volume Loran 27. In CÃÆ'Â ©zannes The Quarry Called Bibemus, the volume is accentuated. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne relies on warm-to-cold contrasts and overlapping forms to give the volume instead of linear and aerial perspective Murphy 81. The color contrast between the bright green tree and the orange rock make the space perfectly clear without the use of lines Loran 71. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne had problems with perspective. In his Road to Gardanne, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne drastically changes the scene in order to organize space. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne compresses the size of the foreground and makes the road with a sharper turn. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne also reduces the size of the trees immensely, but increases the size of the bridge immensely Loran 48. This same technique is also used in Mardi Gras and Harlequin. This is one of his monumental works in which he struggles with his space organization. His son, Paul, posed for the paintings as Harlequin Murphy 108. In this photo CÃÆ'Â ©zanne shows his struggle of space by adding sections to the plane. We can see a crinkle in the canvas area of the ankle and toe of Harlequin. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne also caused distortions in his paintings that were merely accidental. Due to the fact that CÃÆ'Â ©zanne would still be scheming his paintings distortion was often made Loran 29. We can see this in his artwork entitled Women Bathers Schapiro 117. We can see in this painting how the head of one of the women is distorted and somewhat absent from the painting. His distortion was sometimes just considered a lack of dexterity and manual skill, which he later mastered. It is said that because CÃÆ'Â ©zanne had not reduced himself to simple abstract shapes there were distortions. He was still trying to capture the realistic look by smudging and smearing Loran 95. The paintings distortion can also be explained by the fact that he did all canvases at one time which did not allow him much accuracy on the human figure. .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .postImageUrl , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:hover , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:visited , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:active { border:0!important; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:active , .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u55528004b3207f7055e28c5ff240123f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Life and Art of Paul Gauguin EssayMuch distortion can be seen in the painting of another Bathers Rewald 87. In this painting, the bathers can not even be distinguished without reading the name. In CÃÆ'Â ©zannes LEstaque, CÃÆ'Â ©zanne is showing how he unifies the foreground and background of some of his paintings Schapiro 63. Unlike the original picture of this scene where the foreground and background are clearly separate, CÃÆ'Â ©zannes paintings unify hem into one, so that they merge to look continuous with one another. CÃÆ'Â ©zanne is losing the aerial perspective that is held highly among the Impressionists Loran 106.

Nursing Intervention free essay sample

It is important for nurses to assist in the healing of pressure ulcers. Apart from providing appropriate wound dressing, various nursing interventions are needed such as relieving pressure by providing special pads or air mattresses and turning or repositioning the patient at least every two hours. Arranging pillows under the ankles, back, head and arms, regular cleansing and drying of the skin, and providing good nutrition to support the healing process are also important (Cohen, 2009). Optimal nutrition helps pressure ulcer healing, keeps immune competence and reduces risk of infection. On the other hand, when patients are in a poor nutritional state wound healing is impaired and more likely to be complicated by infection (Edmonds, 2007; Gillman, 2008). The treatment of pressure ulcers from NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) clinical guideline indicates that nutritional supplementation is recommended for all patients, especially those who have an identified deficiency. Nutritional support of patients with pressure ulcers should be based on nutritional assessment using a recognised tool, general health status, patient preference, expert dietitian and/or specialist input to support in the decision-making process (ANJ, 2008; NICE, 2005; Rafferty, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Intervention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Waterlow screening tool includes Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), as evidence suggests that dehydration and malnutrition are related to pressure ulcers (Chamanga, 2010). However, NICE recommends that nutritional screening should only be carried out by healthcare professionals with appropriate skill and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) should be taken for all patients including those who already have pressure ulcers (NICE, 2005). The healing process of pressure ulcer demands an increase in the energy intake of nutrients due to an increase in metabolic need. Elderly or disabled people like Mrs. X probably have diminished dietary intake. Patients with highly exudating ulcers are also likely to lose important nutrients through the wound exudates which will result in nutrient deficiency at cellular level (Mandal, 2006). That’s why it is important for nurses to do early identification of malnourished patients and quick referral to dietetic specialists. In the treatment of severe pressure ulcers, specialist nutritional advice is often necessary, particularly if there is a need for dietary supplementation (Schols, 2009) e. g. ensure drinks (oral nutritional supplement) or alternative feeding methods e. g. PEG tube or NG tube feeding. In the case of Mrs. X, advice from an expert dietitian was required as she was provided nutrition with PEG tube feeding to maintain effective nutritional support (Edmonds, 2007). In different cases, biochemical indicators of nutritional state can be useful in guiding nutritional therapy. For instance, serum albumin levels can help to identify chronic malnutrition when used in conjunction with a range of other nutritional parameters (Riordan and Voegeli, 2009). Recent clinical protocols identify that patients are at high risk of malnutrition when plasma albumin levels are less than 3. g/dl. Low albumin levels beyond 26 weeks have been expected of low healing rates in pressure ulcers (Sherman, 2011). During the inflammatory phase of healing, free radicals are released and can damage healthy tissue (Timms, 2011). Therefore, antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium are needed to neutralise the free radicals. Vitamins are pervasive, vitamins appear a distinct potential to be instrumental in modern wound care (Sinno et al, 2011) Vitamin A is needed throughout healing; it facilitates the inflammatory response to granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialisation. Supplementation with vitamin A may reverse the deleterious effects of corticosteroids, diabetes and malignancy on wound healing, and patients with severe injuries and large pressure ulcers (Benbow, 2008). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble molecule that has three major roles pertaining to wound healing: promoting collagen synthesis, modulating immune function and collagen cross linkage vitamin B complex and copper as well. (Sinno et al, 2011). It also helps in the transfer of white blood cells to the wound, improves resistance to infection and increases capillary strength. Since vitamin C is water-soluble, it is difficult to store it in the body, so a regular intake is necessary and dietary sources are green vegetables, potatoes, fruits like orange, kiwi and berries. (Timms, 2011). Vitamin K facilitates blood clotting, and Vitamin E (tocopherols) is a major lipophilic antioxidant of the skin and enhances immune response (Gillman, 2008). Another nutritional supplementation with such positive effectors as arginine can enhance wound healing. Arginine stimulates insulin and growth hormone secretion, which are elated to wound healing (Sherman, 2011). Wound healing also demands high energy needs of the patient. An increase in metabolic need causes an increase in demand for glucose, which is the major fuel source for collagen synthesis and the most efficient source of fuel for adenosine triphosphate synthesis compared with fat (Timms, 2011). Protein has an important role in growth and repair of body tissue. It is required for inflammatory process, the immune system and development of granulation tissue. Requirements increase when extensive nitrogen losses can occur from draining wounds (Richardson, 2006). Insufficient energy intake causes fat and muscle wastage, because protein is broken down to produce glucose to provide the energy requirement. As a result, protein deficiency combined with loss of protein-rich exudates from wounds may lead to an extended inflammatory phase and hypoalbuminaemia and decrease fibroblast and collagen development, and it can also increase the risk of wound dehiscence and reducing the strength of scar tissue (Ripley, 2006). Throughout the proliferation and maturation phase, zinc is needed for collagen synthesis. This element is also required for the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and speed up the process of re-epithelialisation, while strengthening the wound. However, a study by Lim in 2004 found that high-dose zinc delayed healing due to increased zinc intake reducing copper absorption.