Importance of English

History of the English Language A short history of the origins and development of English The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc – from which the words England and English are derived. Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century. Varieties of English From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words â€Å"froze† when they reached Amer ica. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is.Some expressions that the British call â€Å"Americanisms† are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example  trash  for rubbish,  loan  as a verb instead of lend, and  fall  for autumn; another example,  frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English with words like  canyon,  ranch,  stampede  and  vigilante  being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West.French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English). Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA's dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (i ncluding the Internet). But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English.WHY IS ENGLISH SO IMPORTANT? Although a variety of languages are spoken all over the world, English is an important language to know. English is the language most international business is conducted in, it is used in more areas of the globe than any other and the only language spoken by more people is  Mandarin  (one of the languages in China). In many countries, the citizens have different tribal languages. Even though English is not a native language, the governments select English as an adopted national language.The government documents and laws written in English will be less subject to interpretation than if they had to be written separately in every tribal language. All school-related and workplace connections require a solid understanding of the E nglish language. If you are studying English at school, college or university, remember that getting an ‘A' grade in English is almost worthless, in terms of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews.REASONS TO LEARN ENGLISH 1) English is the most spoken language around the world. 1 out of 5 persons understands it! 2) Many of the most famous movies or songs are written in English! You’ll be able to understand them! 3) If you learn English, you’ll be able to visit most websites! 4) Speaking English is a tremendous asset for your professional career! 5) English is not hard to learn, compared to many other foreign languages! 6) Nowadays, we are surrounded by English (in non English speaking countries of course†¦). Understanding this language becomes more and more important! ) If you are a student, or just eager to learn, to understand Engli sh is almost mandatory since many publications are in English! 8) You will be able to visit the 45 countries where English is the official language! 9) But you will also be able to travel around the entire world! Even if you’re not going to an English speaking country, it is very likely that locals will understand you if you speak in English! 10) For the pleasure! Learning a language, especially English, is rewarding when you see you’re improving! Communicate with your friends in English! Dare To learn and Speak! ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

The global warming

Global Heating: A Man-made ProblemMany old ages in the yesteryear there was contention over whether planetary heating was genuinely happening. Over this period many different scientists have done many trials and experiments which have proven that planetary heating is a fact non a theory. Now that planetary heating has been proven true, there is a argument over whether it is caused by natural happenings or semisynthetic patterns. In the docudrama, Inconvenient Truth wrote by former Vice president Al Gore, it explains and provides grounds that planetary heating is a semisynthetic job. Harmonizing to Fred Singer ‘s and Dennis Avery ‘s book, Unstoppable Global Warming, planetary heating and chilling seem to be portion of a 1,500-year rhythm of moderate temperature swings and human activities are non the primary cause of planetary heating. Although some think that Global heating is merely a portion of the Earth ‘s natural rhythm, I agree with Al Gore, that planetary heat ing is caused by worlds ‘ actions for several grounds: 1 ) We use many of the Earth ‘s resources really heedlessly and inefficiently. 2 ) Our abuse of fossil fuels emits dozenss of C dioxide in the air doing dire alterations around the universe. 3 ) The increasing population of the universe makes the earth work harder than it should to keep all of the people in it. One indispensable ground why I think planetary heating is a semisynthetic job is because people use the Earth ‘s natural resources prodigally. For illustration, when we burn and cut down woods for paper, wood or to do room for people to populate, we are lending to planetary heating. Harmonizing to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, trees absorb C dioxide from the air, which is one of the nursery gases that are absorbed by the ambiance. By taking the trees away the C dioxide that could hold been absorbed by the trees will merely travel into the ambiance ( USEPA ) . When C dioxide or other nursery gases get absorbed by the ambiance they trap heat in the lower ambiance that goes back down to the Earth. When there is big sum of the nursery gases in the ambiance it can do excess warming of the Earth ( Inconvenient ) . Another natural resource that we take advantage of is our dirt. When we have our refuse taken to elephantine landfills we are making more injury to our planet than we know. Harmonizing to Brian Ladd, a member of Eco-Cycle ‘s Community Action Team, when waste under the land starts disintegrating it do methane gas to ooze to the surface and enters the lower ambiance. Methane is a powerful nursery gas that is twenty one times more effectual at pin downing radiant heat than C dioxide ( Ladd ) . We need to take a good expression at how efficaciously we are utilizing natural resources because we are utilizing them faster than nature can bring forth them. Beside the natural resources above, there is one resource that we use wholly irresponsibly. That resource is fossil fuels, which are the primary subscribers to planetary heating. Fossil fuels are made of organic affair such as coal or oil. We burn fossil fuels everyday when we drive our autos, and create electricity in our places. When you burn fossil fuels it releases C dioxide. Harmonizing to Inconvenient Truth, in 650,000 old ages the C dioxide degree had ne'er gone supra 300 parts per million. Harmonizing to Anne Waple, the Communications Manager at the Climate Change Science Program Office, Today, degrees are greater than 380 ppm and increasing at a rate of 1.9 ppm yr-1 since 2000 ( Waple ) . The IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenario stated that by the terminal of the twenty-first century, we could anticipate to see CO2 degrees between 490 to 1260 ppm ( Waple ) . These high degrees of C dioxide cause the thaw of glaciers around the universe. For illustration, the Himalaya â⠂¬Ëœs Glaciers provide imbibing H2O for 40 per centum of the people on Earth ( Inconvenient ) . If the glaciers keep runing at such a rapid rate there will be a deficit of H2O. Since more glaciers everyplace are runing off it will do the sea degrees to lift. ( Inconvenient ) Harmonizing to Inconvenient Truth, if Greenland melted topographic points such Florida, San Francisco Bay, and Manhattan would be submerged. The authorities needs to take planetary warming more earnestly because if this happened it would be to lay waste toing. Though burning fossil fuels is the primary cause of planetary heating, population would merely do the effects of planetary heating greater. Do n't you believe if we have excessively many people on Earth we will make excessively much pollution for the Earth to manage? This is why population has become a factor in planetary heating. For blink of an eyes, more people means extra usage of transit, which causes the combustion of more fossil fuels. Larger populations besides mean a larger demand for H2O. There will besides be a bigger demand for nutrient ( Inconvenient ) . Most people in the universe are meat feeders which means we have to engender more cattles. Harmonizing to the Children ‘s British Broadcasting Company, cattles are a beginning of nutrient, and their flatuss and manure contains methane. â€Å"Just one cow gives off adequate harmful methane gas in a individual twenty-four hours to make full around 400 litre bottles, which is truly bad for the environment† ( CB BC ) . To keep all the people in the universe we have to go on doing room for people to populate. One manner we do this is by cutting and firing down woods. Thirty per centum of the C dioxide that goes up into the ambiance comes from forest combustion ( Waple ) . If we keep interfering with nature ‘s rhythms at that place might non be any rhythms to mess up after a piece. Even with all the grounds above Fred Singer and Dennis Avery believe that we have nil to make with the cause of planetary heating. They think that, â€Å"human-emitted CO2 ( C dioxide ) has played merely a minor function in it. Alternatively, the mild warming seems to be portion of a natural 1,500-year clime rhythm ( plus or minus 500 old ages ) that goes back at least one million years† ( Singer and Avery pg. 3 ) . In their book, they stated that ice nucleuss from Greenland and Antarctic ‘s Vostok Glacier showed the same 1,500-year rhythms ( Singer and Avery ) . Harmonizing to Inconvenient Truth, it is true that there was a mediaeval heating period and two others. If you were to compare the mediaeval heating period CO2 degrees with those of the other two, you would see that they fit closely together ( Inconvenient ) . If you were to compare today ‘s C dioxide degrees to the predating warming period ‘s degrees, you would see that our degrees are off the chart s ( Inconvenient ) . So what happened between so and now? It is obvious that we have done something to do the CO2 degrees so much higher than the old heating periods. Harmonizing to Emily Robinson, a imperativeness secretary at Union of Concerned Scientists, another thing that you should take in consideration is that Fred Singer is â€Å"affiliated† with no less than 11 â€Å"think tanks† and â€Å"associations† that have received support from ExxonMobil. ExxonMobil is the universe ‘s largest publically traded international oil and gas company. Singer ‘s ain â€Å"Science and Environmental Policy Project† ( SEPP ) has received $ 20,000 from ExxonMobil ( Robinson ) . Dennis Avery is a â€Å"Senior Fellow† for a â€Å"think tank† called the Hudson Institute. The Hudson Institute received $ 25,000 from ExxonMobil ( Robinson ) . It sounds to me like they are covering for ExxonMobil. Do you believe they are seeking to protect ExxonMob il to maintain the money coming in? Nice defense. More people need to look at all the grounds that proves we have contributed to the cause of planetary heating. We need to acknowledge that we are doing planetary heating by utilizing the Earth ‘s natural resources recklessly, breathing immense sums of carbon dioxide into the ambiance by firing fossil fuels, and seting force per unit area on the Earth and it resources by over populating. Although there has been other warming periods before our clip, today ‘s CO2 degrees are beyond comparing with old warming periods. The authorities should halt debating over what caused it and set some Torahs into consequence. There would be no injury in puting Torahs to assist the Earth. All it could make is assist the United States become a better topographic point to populate.Work CitedInconvenient Truth. Prod. Laurie David, et Al. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore. Paramount, 2006. DVD.Waple, Anne. â€Å"NCDC: Global Warming.† National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2 0 Aug. 2008. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.Singer, Fred and Dennis Avery. Unstoppable Global Heating: Every 1,500 Old ages. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008. Print.Robinson, Emily. â€Å"Exxon Exposed† Union of Concerned Scientists. 04 Aug 2008. Web. 07 Nov. 2009.â€Å"CBBC Newsround | Animals | Cow farts ‘harming the planet'† British Broadcasting Corporation. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.Ladd, Brian. â€Å"New Evidence Shows Landfills are Major Contributor to Global Warming.† Ecocycle Times. Web. 07 Nov. 2009.â€Å"We Can Make a Difference.† United States Environmental Protection Agency. 23 Oct. 2006. Web. 30 Oct. 2009Key for Color Coding ( please usage fount colour – non text highlight colour )The first beginning used as a voice in the conversation A 2nd beginning used as a new voice in the conversation The 3rd voice in the conversation The 4th voice in the conversation The 5th voice in the conversation The 6th voice in the conversation The 7th voice in the conversation The author ‘s voice giving an illustration from his/her ain universe position on the subject, which is an of import portion of the conversation. A connexion sentence or sentences where author tells reader the connexion among the voices in the conversation – replying these inquiries: do they hold, differ, or does one widen the significance of the other?

Christian and Hopeful’s escape from Doubting Castle Essay

Write a critical analysis of the extract (Christian and Hopeful’s escape from Doubting Castle) discussing the characteristic features of Bunyan’s Style. Bunyan uses allegory and symbolism throughout Part one. This symbolism is used very effectively in this extract; we can see the powerful images that relate to the spiritual nature of the characters. Doubt is powerful and Bunyan emphasises the danger and trappings of doubt through dramatic phraseology and strong physical images: ‘A very dark Dungeon, nasty and stinking to the Spirit of these two men.’ Bunyan’s dramatization of these events reflects also on the escape from the castle. Bunyan epitomises the ultimate despair in order to generate the joy and delight produced in the escape. This allows the reader to view the hope and joy that is present in the promises of God: ‘there to condole their misery, and to mourn under their distress.’ ‘And the door flew open with ease, and Christian and Hopeful both came out†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Bunyan also implements the use of dynamic verbs such as ‘flew’ this makes the reader aware of the ease with which doubt is broken. The discovery of the key of promise, which frees Christian and Hopeful from Doubting Castle; shows the reader the hope that remains even in the toughest of situations. Bunyan tries to make the reader aware of the danger of doubt through symbolism. This allows the reader to be cautious of doubt in his or her own life. This is typical of Bunyan, as his work tends to guide to correction, encourage and to issue caution: ‘ That’s good news, good brother, pluck it out of thy bosom and try.’ Christian’s realisation of foolishness has the effect of reinforcing the promise of Hope. Bunyan’s representation of this in the form of a speech allows Christian to persuade the reader to correct their foolish ways: ‘What a Fool, quoth he, am I, thus to lie in a stinking dungeon, when I may as well walk at liberty?’ Bunyan’s use of rhetorical questioning through Christian’s speech have the effect of encouraging the reader to question themselves. They also challenge the institution of doubt. Throughout part one we see the use of dialogue to encourage or reassure the characters. In this extract we can also view this as Hopeful speaks to Christian and questions his doubt over the situation: ‘; My brother, said he, rememberest thou not how valiant thou hast been heretofore?’ This has the effect of not only giving reassurance and encouragement to the characters but also to the reader. The use of pausing ensures that it is well understood. Bunyan uses imagery to create Giant Despair, ‘a large and imposing figure’ this has the effect of showing the powerful and controlling nature of doubt. However Bunyan also recreates the image of the giant to facilitate the ideas and concepts he wishes. As the escape progresses the reader sees that the large and powerful image is not all that is seems and indeed it eventually leads to its own downfall. Bunyan uses this situation to warn and encourage the reader. It allows them to see that even though trials engulf they never actually succeed. ‘Giant Despair, who, hastily rising to pursue his prisoners, felt his limbs to fail, for his fits took him again, so he could by no means go after them.’ Bunyan uses the Giant’s wife, Mrs Diffidence, to show the lack of direction that doubt has. It is created by the person and has no power. This has the effect of showing the reader that there is nothing that is worth doubt – it is a formality and should be regarded as such. This dramatic characterisation helps to indicate that hope is important and in the setting of this journey it is hope that eventually conquers the situation. Bunyan shows the despondency and discouraging nature of the castle through Hopeful’s speech however he also corrects their self-indulgence later in the speech with desire for patience and reliance on God from Hopeful: ‘†¦Also cut off the bread and water from my mouth, and with thee I mourn the light. But let us exercise a little more patience; remember†¦.’. The use of such dialogue relates also with Bunyan’s reliance on the bible as these descriptions may have also linked with the spiritual needs of a Christian. Bunyan uses the very low nature and despair created by doubt and allows the reader to see that hope was always present even if it was not always obvious to the characters. Bunyan’s use of dialogue extends beyond the pilgrims to the Giant and his wife, Mrs Diffidence. ‘Then he asked her also what he had best to do further to them. So she asked him what they were, whence they came, and whither they were bound; and he told her. Then she counselled him that when he arose in the morning he should beat them without any mercy’. This gives insight to the reader and creates dramatic irony, as the reader is aware of the weakness of the trials. One of Bunyan’s aims when writing The Pilgrim’s Progress was the instruction of Christians and throughout this extract we can see the encouragement and warnings that he provides and the way in which his writing reflects the authorial intention of the didactic purpose. Hopeful relates the experience of doubting castle to some of the earlier events in the book such as; the meeting with Apollyon and the valley of the Shadow of death. This has the effect of providing a link between the episodes of the dream, it helps to emphasise the representation of a journey and creates a development within the characters. Bunyan combines many different techniques and forms in the extract but the most effective of these is the dialogue between the pilgrims and also between their tormentors. ‘Then, with a grim and surly voice, he bid them awake; and asked them whence they were, and what they did in his grounds. They told him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their way.’ This speech allows the reader to be aware of the characters thoughts and emotions; and to immediately identify the characters’ motives. This also has the effect of furthering Bunyan’s didactic purpose. The combination of the many effects within The Pilgrim’s Progress allows it to be enjoyable to all and make it still appreciated from a literary perspective.

The Labour Market Sector UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Labour Market Sector UK - Essay Example From the research it can be comprehended that the demand for labor in the United Kingdom is influenced by the availability of skills, expertise, and knowledge in the country. Different types of labor are required in the country to meet the demand of labour in various sectors. According to HRM in context, a labour market can be described as a mechanism through which labour is purchased and sold as a commodity. Labor demand is the number and types of jobs available in a country, whilst labour supply is the number and types of employees available. Therefore, the labour market of a country consists of a relationship between workers and work. The marketing intelligence of the labor market is important in that, one is able to relate the labor supply and labor demand of a country, and determine how the two aspects correlate with each other. Internal labor market refers to an organization’s internal supply of labour, whereby, employees are assigned specific roles in an organization. T he human resources in that particular firm concerns itself with the needs of employees such as training and development, retention, and job security among others. The external labor market represents the external supply and availability of labour. A country’s eternal supply of labor could be regional or internally, which may involve immigrants relocating into the host country. The main methods that will be used in this report are secondary and primary methods; however, secondary sources are most preferred, as they give accurate data, which cannot be found in primary sources. They are also less expensive compared to primary data that involves questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data already exists, for instance, Euromonitor and UK government statistics will offer genuine information regarding the labour market for several years. It also saves on time and assists in improving primary data by making it more specific; such sources include Euromonitor, keynote, national statistics, and the guardian and other academic sources, which will be applied to this report. According to FAO (N.d), secondary data availability contributes to the fast way of reaching to conclusions due to the quality of information these sources contain. In addition, secondary data is effective in solving problems by assisting the researcher to understand the actual problem. Reid and Bojanic (2006 p209) argue that the advantages of using secondary data sources include less cost, timeliness whereby an individual can access information very fast as opposed to waiting for weeks for the data to be collected and analyzed. In addition, frustration is reduced as the researcher can access the required information from appropriate sources. Primary data collection sources are advantageous, as data is collected straight from the population, for instance, with the use of questionnaires and interviews, hence providing original data and unbiased information. According to Goeldner and Ritchie (2009), primary data sources are original as they involve the actual collection of data; however, secondary data needs to be collected first before collecting primary data. Therefore, secondary data should be exhausted first before opting for primary data collection. According to Weinreich (2006), quantitative research techniques produce quantifiable reliable data especially when generalizing larger populations. Therefore, quantitative research provides a clear picture of the expectations of a research. This

Response to Free Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response to Free Play - Essay Example His book Free Play instills and resonate the passion of music in readers and is a best book on improvisation. Improvisation is a difficult topic and it is a most realistic book on improvisation I have seen yet. I am really impressed with Stephen Nachmanovitch’s book Free Play. It was a resonating and promising experience to study such a nice piece writing. It is a very unusual, thought-through, and through provoking book on mystic creativity, which is a difficult most topic. Improvisation in art and life is a very difficult topic. It is very difficult to perform extemporaneously for everyone even for actors. Doing improvisation in a strange place is a very difficult to deal with. Free Play book has far reaching affects. It runs deep into our activities of art, music and everyday life. This book integrates knowledge from variety of important works of art, literature, science, etc. â€Å"This book is important not only because it devolves into the creative process, but also because Nachmanovitch creates the opportunity for reader to get in touch with her/his own creative possibilities and abilities†. Harvard Educational Review My ideas about improvisation shifted due to this book. It resonates in me the element of the art of improvisation for art, music and everyday life. It tempts me to believe in myself and do everything as per my natural instinct. Writer‘s approach is equally useful for children, teacher and others peoples of all kinds. It is good to randomly do things but some part of me is reluctant to believe that we should improvise all the time. We can anticipate the future happenings and we can try to prepare for them in order to better coup with every situation. While, if we need to perform somewhere randomly, we should give our best shot by using the ideas presented by Stephen, Nachmanovitch in Free Play: Improvisation in Life and Art. In essence, I am really impressed with this piece

Video critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video critique - Assignment Example stand why these drug cartels spend large sums of money in hiring huge numbers of men and buying weapons that would help to safeguard the drugs, the reporter highlights the economic value the drugs have to the cartels. It is estimated that the drug lords amass billions of dollars every year from drug trafficking. The reporter mentions the role that the police department plays in trying to deal with gangs in the country. Police use either excessive force or are reluctant to fight the drug scourge, and this is well-detailed in the documentary. Some interviewers reveal that police are reluctant to assist in cases involving the citizens and the different gangs, and this has led to a lot of suffering to families whose relatives are innocently murdered by the gangs. One of the strengths possessed by the video is that the reporter has tried obtaining information from the key players in the drug syndicate, which is the police, citizens and some drug dealers. Going to the mountainous parts of the country where the drugs are planted with army troops is also a strength of the video as from it; an individual can tell how dangerous it is for people to access the place. Any information given by the common person is the most reliable as they represent the whole society and the reporter’s decision to interview the local people is a strength of the video. From the interviews, it is clear that the financial gain is the main reason people get into the drug syndicate. A major limitation of the video is the reporter’s choice to concentrate only on one town where the drug lord is highly respected and loved. The drug lord either buys or threatens the people of the city and this makes them become very loyal to him and his group members. It would have been better for the reporter to go to the other towns and cities that are not run financially with money got from the drug business as people may not be speaking so highly of the drug lord. It is easy for an individual to discern that

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when Essay

Implement concepts from Piagets theory of cognitive development when teaching second or third graders the skill of regrouping when solving subtraction problems - Essay Example For example, if the task at hand is to teach the children to subtract eight from 21, the instructor should group ten of the blocks together, perhaps in a tower formation, and then grouping the additional 11 blocks together in a group that is laying flat on the desk or working surface. At this stage, if the child fully understands how to count far beyond ten, they will recognize and be able to express that the tower consists of ten different blocks. The instructor would then praise this accomplishment to reinforce motivation and cooperation and then ask the child to express the amount of blocks laying on the surface. They should correctly identify that there are eleven blocks by counting them out loud one by one. At this point, the instructor reinforces that the task is to subtract eight of these blocks from the different formations and then regroup the blocks into a different series. The instructor might remove only two blocks from the tower and then six more from those on the table to provide example. The child will recognize that the tower now contains only eight blocks and should be able to regroup the surface blocks to account for the additional six blocks needed to complete the equation of 21 – 8 = 13. When the child is given free rein to perform another subtraction task through regrouping, they should accurately recognize, as part of mastery of pre-operational and concrete operational understanding, how to regroup the different blocks to achieve a positive math outcome. The teacher, for students in this phase, will not be dealing with egocentric behaviors marked by those found in children who are in the pre-operational stage and should expect full cooperation to the regrouping tasks. By allowing the children to choose their own ordered sets of blocks, based on the specific math task, they will begin to develop the ability to perform these calculations in their